| Course label : | Experimental physics |
|---|---|
| Teaching departement : | CMA / |
| Teaching manager : | Mister JULIEN DAQUIN |
| Education language : | |
| Potential ects : | 0 |
| Results grid : | |
| Code and label (hp) : | ENSCL_CPI_M1_1_2_2 - Physique expérimentale |
Education team
Teachers : Mister JULIEN DAQUIN / Madam FREDERIQUE POURPOINT / Madam MARIE COLMONT
External contributors (business, research, secondary education): various temporary teachers
Summary
The physics course unit in the first year of the integrated preparatory programme (CPI) is organised into two sections: a disciplinary portion (called the "Physics section") comprising lectures and tutorials and an experimental portion (called the "Experimental Physics section") comprising practical work. These two sections are interdependent. > ""EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS" SECTION (4 ECTS) - Practical work no. 1: resistance measurement: Use of a multimeter, short and long lead installation, measurement uncertainties. Free mechanical oscillations: Graphical representations and use of linear regression with EXCEL, uncertainties and validation of a physical law. - Practical work no. 2: Using the oscilloscope: Presentation of the Low Frequency Generator and the digital oscilloscope and their main functions. - Practical work no. 3: Rotation dynamic: Graphic representation, uncertainties, validation of a physical law. - Practical work no. 4: Electrokinetic dipoles: Combination of passive dipoles (resistances) and characterisation. - Practical work no. 5: Verification of Cauchy's law: First approach of a prism goniometer, Cauchy's law - Practical work no. 6: Charging a capacitor: Determining a capacity, influence of the voltmeter, quantitative study of the charge. - Practical work no. 7: Basics of geometric optics: Verification and application of Descartes' laws for refraction and reflection. Thin lenses: Autocollimation method, verification of Descartes' conjugate equation - Practical work no. 8: Electric field lines: Map an electrostatic field by drawing the field lines and equipotential surfaces. - Practical work no. 9: Study of a series RLC circuit in a transient state, then in a forced sinusoidal state (Use of LatisPro). - Practical work no. 10: Changes in the condition of a pure body: Clapeyron diagram, triple dot, Franklin's boiler, Diiodine sublimation, water vaporisation enthalpy. - Practical work no. 11: Description and modelling of different movements: Quantitative study of the components of position, speed and acceleration vectors during the movement of a point object. Fluid friction force models. The Euler method.
Educational goals
The targeted skills are as follows: > Metrology: in particular practical work nos. 1 & 3. - Identify the sources of errors when performing a measurement. - Evaluate an uncertainty (type A or type B evaluation when performing a direct or indirect measurement). - Express the result of a measurement by a value and the associated uncertainty with an appropriate number of significant figures. - Know how to compare a measured value with its uncertainty associated with a reference value. - Analyse the sources of uncertainty and propose improvements to the measurement process. - Use linear regression software. - Judge whether experimental data with uncertainties are consistent with a linear or affine model. > Geometric optics: Practical work no. 5 & 7 - Use a fixed front sight and an autocollimator. - Perform a length measurement by moving the sight between two positions. - Choose one or more lenses according to experimental constraints, and choose a reasonable focal distance. - Optimise the quality of an image (alignment, limitation of aberrations, etc.). - Estimate the order of magnitude of a focal distance. - Experimentally model a commonly used optical device using several lenses. > Electrokinetics: Practical work nos. 1, 2, 4, 6 & 9 - Obtain a signal for the given average value, shape, amplitude and frequency. - Manage, in an electronic circuit, the constraints related to the connection between masses. - Define the nature of the measurement made (effective value, average value, amplitude, peak-to-peak value, etc.). - Specify the disturbance caused by the measuring instrument on the assembly and its limits (bandwidth, input resistance). - Study the influence of these input and output resistances on the signal delivered by a function generator, on the measurement made by an oscilloscope or a multimeter. - View the characteristics of a sensor using a digital oscilloscope or capture board. - Explain the link between resolution, calibre, number of measurement points. - Study the characteristic of a dipole. - For a circuit, acquire a first-order transient state and analyse its characteristics. Compare experimental results with theoretical expressions. - Acquire a second-order transient state and analyse its characteristics. - Implement an experimental system for the resonance phenomenon. > Mechanics of material points: Practical work no. 11 - Quantitatively produce and use a video recording of a movement: temporal evolution of the speed and acceleration vectors. - Experimentally validate a fluid friction force model reporting the influence of the resistance of a viscous fluid that is falling. - Implement the Euler method to numerically solve a differential equation. > Thermodynamics: Practical work no. 10 - Implement an experimental protocol to study the relationships between state quantities of a fluid at equilibrium (a pure single-phase or a two-phase body). - Implement an experimental protocol to measure an energy thermodynamic quantity (thermal capacity, state change enthalpy, etc.). > Electrostatics: Practical work no. 8 - Plot the electrostatic field lines of several load distribution shapes using equipotential curves.
Sustainable development goals
Knowledge control procedures
Continuous Assessment
Comments: After each practical work session the students must write a report that will be marked.
There is also a final practical exam.
Online resources
Pedagogy
Students work in pairs during the four-hour practical work session. Hourly volume: 48 hours Language: French
Sequencing / learning methods
| Number of hours - Lectures : | 0 |
|---|---|
| Number of hours - Tutorial : | 4 |
| Number of hours - Practical work : | 48 |
| Number of hours - Seminar : | 0 |
| Number of hours - Half-group seminar : | 0 |
| Number of student hours in TEA (Autonomous learning) : | 0 |
| Number of student hours in TNE (Non-supervised activities) : | 0 |
| Number of hours in CB (Fixed exams) : | 0 |
| Number of student hours in PER (Personal work) : | 0 |
| Number of hours - Projects : | 0 |
Prerequisites
Disciplinary and experimental fundamentals acquired during the Physics-Chemistry specialisation courses for the last two years of secondary school (in the French education system).